Annotated Bibliography
An Annotated Bibliography based on the research question,
“What is child abuse?”
Beitchman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., DaCosta, G. A., Akman, D., & Cassavia, Erika. (1992). Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 16, Issue 1. A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. 101-118. [journal article] Retrieved from http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014521349290011F
The following article examines the long-term sequelae of child sexual abuse. It describes many post-sexual abuse cases of trauma that are related to the effects in the adult life. The article explains how a victim of sexual abuse can later on suffer from anxiety, fear, and suicidal ideas and behavior. According to this article, the specific effects of sexual abuse, independent of force, threat of force, are still to be clarified. Also stated in the article, greater long-term harm is associated with abuse involving a father or stepfather and abuse involving penetration. These are just some post traumatic effects of child sexual abuse that are carried throughout the victim’s life creating life-threatening choices, problems, and also affecting their sexual preference.
Eder, Steve (2012, November 1). Former Penn State President Is Charged in Sandusky Case. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/sports/ ncaafootball/graham-b-spanier-former-penn-state-president-charged-in-sandusky-case.html?hp&_r=0
Mr. Sandusky, a former Penn State employee, was charged with 45 counts of child sexual abuse and was sentenced to 30 to 60 years in prison in October. In this article, Sandusky was not the only person who was being charged but also Spanier, 64; Schultz, 63; and Curley, 58, who now all face numerous charges, including perjury, obstruction of justice, endangering the welfare of children and criminal conspiracy. The reason for these charges is that when they first learned about Sandusky’s crimes, the three men decided to keep it to themselves until something was resolved, resulting in obstruction of justice. Spanier’s lawyers said the charges were a politically motivated attempt by Gov. Tom Corbett of Pennsylvania “to cover up and divert attention away from the fact that he failed to warn the Penn State community about the suspicions surrounding Jerry Sandusky” (as cited in The New York Times, 2012, p.2). This proves that child abuse is a big issue in our society because there will be people punished for the offenses and the law will enforce this issue. It is obvious that this issue is serious and well known and many people are involved in this crime.
El Paso Times (2012, November 6). Man gets prison in child sex abuse. El Paso Times. pp. 6B.
El Paso time’s article gives a brief description on the consequences a 59-year-old man will be facing after sexually assaulting a 12-year-old child on December 2010. Manuel Coronado Cervantes has been sentenced to 15 years in a federal prison in New Mexico on Monday by a U.S. District judge in Santa Fe. The sex offender must also serve 10 years of supervision after his release. Cervantes has been in custody since his arrest and pleaded guilty in March; he also admitted to another engage in sexual abuse with a child in July 2008. Not only is child abuse about the pain a child is put through, but also the consequences the prosecutor will go through. If this man has a family, he has most likely ruined his children’s future by putting himself and his family through this situation.
Green, A. H., M.D. (1984). Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 8, Issue 3. Child abuse by siblings. 311-317. [journal article] Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0145213484900723
Dr. Green’s article examines the causes and effects of child abuse by siblings. According to his article, the following are three of the five most common reasons for this abuse; they afforded them a measure of revenge against the more highly regarded sibling rival; they served as an outlet for rage directed towards the mother; they were used as an attention getting device. Adults are not the only creators of child abuse, but also siblings who feel they have to compete with the better sibling, or the favorite. This type of abuse can be very common within children who have been abused themselves or their families are undergoing crisis, which results in the mother’s neglect towards the child. In many cases, it is simply sibling rivalry causing bullying and resulting in sibling child abuse.
Jason J., MD; Williams, S. L., Burton, A., Rochat, R. MD. (1982) Epidemiological Differences Between Sexual and Physical Child Abuse. The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Since not all abuse is the same, the authors in this article explain the differences between cases of sexual abuse and cases of nonsexual physical abuse. It has been determined that sexual and physical child abuse cases differed in age, sex, and relationship of perpetrators and victims. These authors analyzed over 4,000 different cases found that epidemiologically distinct forms of child abuse must be analyzed separately before intervention mentions are proposed. (Jason, Williams, Burton, & Rochat, 1982). Child abuse cases are some of the most severe cases sometimes resulting in the unfortunate death of victims, and the memories and scars that will be carried throughout a lifetime.
Pelzer, D. (1995). A Child Called “It”: One Child’s Courage to Survive. [book]
Pelzer’s book talks about a child in his early school years who is abused by his unloving, self-neglected mother. Dave Pelzer, the young boy in the book, had to learn how to play a series of torturous games his mother created that would leave him nearly dead. The author establishes yet another type of neglect, which is the torturous abuse a child must go through in order to get his brothers’ leftover Lucky Charms or rotten food as his only meal of the day. In this book, Pelzer gives detailed information from moments in his life that have impacted and ruined his childhood. There are several types of child abuse described in this book, such as neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse for the most part. This book is a great resource for establishing knowledge and the significance of child abuse by reading from the victim himself. It represents the unfortunate issue of child abuse and demonstrates the struggle of a child with a will to keep him self alive.
Segal, R., & Segal, J. (1999). HelpGuide.org A Trusted Non-Profit Resource. Retrieved from http://helpguide.org/about.htm
The online non-profit resource gives information to the reader about the different types of child abuse, understanding child abuse, and even ways to prevent it. In this webpage, the authors and editors provide the audience with enough information with a well-rounded child abuse report. It is mentioned that child abuse is not only physical abuse, but also emotional abuse and neglect. Emotional abuse typically tends to be the least noticeable of all as it puts a child down with words. Calling the child ‘worthless’ and other hurtful words will not only damage the child’s self esteem, but also create a lack of trust within the child and the abuser. The webpage also gives information on how to report an abuse and to those who are currently going through abuse, how to get away from it. Child abuse is neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and even emotional abuse. Not all abuses are detected on type and they typically leave a child emotionally, physically, and mentally scarred for life.
“What is child abuse?”
Beitchman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., DaCosta, G. A., Akman, D., & Cassavia, Erika. (1992). Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 16, Issue 1. A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. 101-118. [journal article] Retrieved from http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014521349290011F
The following article examines the long-term sequelae of child sexual abuse. It describes many post-sexual abuse cases of trauma that are related to the effects in the adult life. The article explains how a victim of sexual abuse can later on suffer from anxiety, fear, and suicidal ideas and behavior. According to this article, the specific effects of sexual abuse, independent of force, threat of force, are still to be clarified. Also stated in the article, greater long-term harm is associated with abuse involving a father or stepfather and abuse involving penetration. These are just some post traumatic effects of child sexual abuse that are carried throughout the victim’s life creating life-threatening choices, problems, and also affecting their sexual preference.
Eder, Steve (2012, November 1). Former Penn State President Is Charged in Sandusky Case. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/sports/ ncaafootball/graham-b-spanier-former-penn-state-president-charged-in-sandusky-case.html?hp&_r=0
Mr. Sandusky, a former Penn State employee, was charged with 45 counts of child sexual abuse and was sentenced to 30 to 60 years in prison in October. In this article, Sandusky was not the only person who was being charged but also Spanier, 64; Schultz, 63; and Curley, 58, who now all face numerous charges, including perjury, obstruction of justice, endangering the welfare of children and criminal conspiracy. The reason for these charges is that when they first learned about Sandusky’s crimes, the three men decided to keep it to themselves until something was resolved, resulting in obstruction of justice. Spanier’s lawyers said the charges were a politically motivated attempt by Gov. Tom Corbett of Pennsylvania “to cover up and divert attention away from the fact that he failed to warn the Penn State community about the suspicions surrounding Jerry Sandusky” (as cited in The New York Times, 2012, p.2). This proves that child abuse is a big issue in our society because there will be people punished for the offenses and the law will enforce this issue. It is obvious that this issue is serious and well known and many people are involved in this crime.
El Paso Times (2012, November 6). Man gets prison in child sex abuse. El Paso Times. pp. 6B.
El Paso time’s article gives a brief description on the consequences a 59-year-old man will be facing after sexually assaulting a 12-year-old child on December 2010. Manuel Coronado Cervantes has been sentenced to 15 years in a federal prison in New Mexico on Monday by a U.S. District judge in Santa Fe. The sex offender must also serve 10 years of supervision after his release. Cervantes has been in custody since his arrest and pleaded guilty in March; he also admitted to another engage in sexual abuse with a child in July 2008. Not only is child abuse about the pain a child is put through, but also the consequences the prosecutor will go through. If this man has a family, he has most likely ruined his children’s future by putting himself and his family through this situation.
Green, A. H., M.D. (1984). Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 8, Issue 3. Child abuse by siblings. 311-317. [journal article] Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0145213484900723
Dr. Green’s article examines the causes and effects of child abuse by siblings. According to his article, the following are three of the five most common reasons for this abuse; they afforded them a measure of revenge against the more highly regarded sibling rival; they served as an outlet for rage directed towards the mother; they were used as an attention getting device. Adults are not the only creators of child abuse, but also siblings who feel they have to compete with the better sibling, or the favorite. This type of abuse can be very common within children who have been abused themselves or their families are undergoing crisis, which results in the mother’s neglect towards the child. In many cases, it is simply sibling rivalry causing bullying and resulting in sibling child abuse.
Jason J., MD; Williams, S. L., Burton, A., Rochat, R. MD. (1982) Epidemiological Differences Between Sexual and Physical Child Abuse. The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Since not all abuse is the same, the authors in this article explain the differences between cases of sexual abuse and cases of nonsexual physical abuse. It has been determined that sexual and physical child abuse cases differed in age, sex, and relationship of perpetrators and victims. These authors analyzed over 4,000 different cases found that epidemiologically distinct forms of child abuse must be analyzed separately before intervention mentions are proposed. (Jason, Williams, Burton, & Rochat, 1982). Child abuse cases are some of the most severe cases sometimes resulting in the unfortunate death of victims, and the memories and scars that will be carried throughout a lifetime.
Pelzer, D. (1995). A Child Called “It”: One Child’s Courage to Survive. [book]
Pelzer’s book talks about a child in his early school years who is abused by his unloving, self-neglected mother. Dave Pelzer, the young boy in the book, had to learn how to play a series of torturous games his mother created that would leave him nearly dead. The author establishes yet another type of neglect, which is the torturous abuse a child must go through in order to get his brothers’ leftover Lucky Charms or rotten food as his only meal of the day. In this book, Pelzer gives detailed information from moments in his life that have impacted and ruined his childhood. There are several types of child abuse described in this book, such as neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse for the most part. This book is a great resource for establishing knowledge and the significance of child abuse by reading from the victim himself. It represents the unfortunate issue of child abuse and demonstrates the struggle of a child with a will to keep him self alive.
Segal, R., & Segal, J. (1999). HelpGuide.org A Trusted Non-Profit Resource. Retrieved from http://helpguide.org/about.htm
The online non-profit resource gives information to the reader about the different types of child abuse, understanding child abuse, and even ways to prevent it. In this webpage, the authors and editors provide the audience with enough information with a well-rounded child abuse report. It is mentioned that child abuse is not only physical abuse, but also emotional abuse and neglect. Emotional abuse typically tends to be the least noticeable of all as it puts a child down with words. Calling the child ‘worthless’ and other hurtful words will not only damage the child’s self esteem, but also create a lack of trust within the child and the abuser. The webpage also gives information on how to report an abuse and to those who are currently going through abuse, how to get away from it. Child abuse is neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and even emotional abuse. Not all abuses are detected on type and they typically leave a child emotionally, physically, and mentally scarred for life.